Sustainable Food Preparation Essay Example for Free

Sustainable Food Preparation Essay Through out the world food preparation has become more damaging to the world. In London, food creates 19 million tones of greenhouse gas emissions per year which is more than from all of London’s transport and all of London’s houses. Sustainable food is safe, healthy and nutritious, for consumers in shops, restaurants, schools, and hospitals etc, and can meet the needs of the less well off people and provides a livable livelihood for farmers, processors and retailers, whose employees enjoy a safe and hygienic working environment whether in the Australia  or overseas. The main steps to have a fully sustainable restaurant include: 1) Providing local, organic and vegetarian menu options. 2) Choosing foods and other products with little or no packaging. 3) Using reusable cutlery, cups, glasses, plates and platters. 4) Storing foods appropriately. 5) Reduce waste. 6) Reducing water consumption. 7) Trying to grow some of your own food. 8) Supporting fair trade. 9) Raising awareness. 10) Using smaller portions. 11) Using short cooking methods such as microwaving, stir frying and grilling. Although practices vary, farmers who grow sustainable food to avoid weed, disease and pest problems, get nitrogen from natural sources like green manure and compost, practice soil conservation, minimize soil erosion and eliminate or limit the contamination of water with agricultural chemicals. The strategies they use to control pests are not harmful to the farmer, the consumer or the land and soil structure. In America, Ohio State’s dining services programs are actively committed to helping the earth. Initiatives such as local purchasing in Ohio, providing eco-friendly, biodegradable containers and utensils, offering  tray-less and bag-free service, work to support the local economy, reduce waste, and conserve water resources. Food waste is sent through the facility’s food pulper, shipped off-site and repurposed as compost or other byproduct. Used cooking oil is recycled and converted into bio-diesel fuel. They also convince Patrons can do their part in helping us reduce our environmental mpact by recycling their packaged products, purchasing one of our reusable bags or bringing their own, and visiting us with their reusable beverage containers. Customers who bring in their reusable mugs receive coffee for the price of a small. Sustainable food in both the commercial and home kitchen provides a much greener future and by taking time to use these methods for preparing food, you are able to create both a healthier meal and much healthier earth.

Victimization of Women Essay -- History, Ancient Regime, Sexual Violen

â€Å"People dominate animals, men dominate women.† Each is a relation of hierarchy, an inequality, with particularities and variations within and between them. (Cite Orange book pg. 92.) For centuries, women have been viewed and used as a man’s â€Å"property†, whether it is being used for sexual satisfaction or for the sake of bearing children and taking care of the home. Men are typically perceived as head of the household and whatever they say goes; anything to satisfy their hunger for power and control. Have women ever had a say about what they want to use their bodies for? Laws against rape may have changed over time, but men’s consistent aggressive behavior unfortunately, has not. Dating back to the ancien rà ©gime, referring mainly to the social and political era established in France from the fifteenth century to the eighteenth century, there are several reported cases of women being attacked and sexually harassed by men to the point where the man’s sword was drawn. In fear of their lives, they were unable able to cry for help with a deadly weapon influencing the outcome of their situation. (Cite Book 1) The court systems â€Å"tolerated† this type of violence to the point where the perpetrator had little or few repercussions for his forceful actions. â€Å"Sexual violence was a part of a system where violence reigned almost as a matter of course for no apparent reason [in our eyes]; children were beaten by adults, women by men or by other women, servants by their masters. Sometimes the aggressor broke his stick or his sword on his victim’s back, sometimes he killed him. It would have seemed highly artificial, in such circumstances, to isolate sexual crime from the other forms of aggression that were constantly present, or latent, in ... ...ributions of blame in sexual assault cases. Many lay people assume that a victim will fight back physically to prevent the sexual assault, although research indicates that victims do not struggle physically for various reasons (i.e. drugged, fear, shock, coercion, etc.) In one of the first studies of its kind, it was found that women who did not show obvious resistance were less likely to be viewed as being sexually assaulted. (Cite Article 5) â€Å"Women are the animals of the human kingdom, the mice of men’s world. Both women and animals are identified with nature rather than culture by virtue of biology. Both are imagined in male ideology to be thereby fundamentally inferior to men and humans. . . Qualities considered human and higher are denied to animals at the same time as qualities considered masculine and higher are denied to women† (MacKinnon, 2005).

Labor Market for Nurses in Florida

Florida State is located in the South Eastern region of the United States.   Most of it is a peninsula bordered by the Gulf of Mexico on the west and Atlantic Ocean on the East.   Florida has the 4th highest state population in United State. As at 2006, the population was over 18 million.   Economically by 2005, the gross state product was over 500 billion dollars.Florida’s labor market is determined by employment and wages, labor force, economic indicators and the population structure.   In 2004, Florida approved a constitutional amendment to increase the minimum wage to over 6 dollars per hour.   All employees were then supposed to comply with the wages increase (www.stateoflorida.com/portal/)In labor market, employees and workers respond in exactly opposite ways to higher wages.   More people want to work when wages go up but employers then hire fewer workers. However, if labor markets operated normally, the level of employment and subsequent wage would be deter mined by the law of supply and demand.   The number of workers on a given job and the wage paid to them should reflect an agreement between the needs of both parties.   Employers would like to hire more workers at a lower wage but not enough workers are willing to accept employment for lower pay (Lovell, 2006).Wages are determined in a market economy by among many factors, tradeoffs and government’s improvement of market outcomes.   The government can improve the outcome of the economic system and stimulate the development of a society. Tradeoffs involve sacrifices made in obtaining certain products or services rather than others using the same required resources. These factors influence the nursing wages in Florida.Nursing wages are determined mostly by the skills needed at work, place of employment and the mount of time spent at work.   Enhanced educational credentials also determine the amount of premium that a nurse is paid.   Therefore nurses are paid according to the level of academics and their job contribution. Among many determinants of wage calculation, include productivity of the worker, output per hours worked, employer’s willingness to work, cost of living, experience and many others. These factors determine wages of nurses in Florida (http://www.floridanurse.org/foundationgrants/index.asp)There are various factors that influence the supply and demand of nurses in Florida.   The rapid aging of both the population and the nursing workforce results in the need for supply of nurses to maintain pace with the growing demand. There has been a decrease in supply of nurses due to poor working environment, closure of nursing schools, nursing faculty shortages and other career opportunities. All these have decreased the supply of nurses.   Licensing data indicate that over 40% of active licensed Florida nurses are over 50 years of age and 15% are over 60 years. (http://www.dob.state.fl.us/). These factors have led to an increased demand in the supply of nursesIn Florida, various factors play a critical role in determining the salary that a nurse is to be paid.   These include the academic level, time spent at job, the locale, and experience. There are different types of nurses; school nurses, occupational health nurses, Geriatric nurses who work and care for the elderly and also those with masters and doctoral degrees.   All these have a different structure of salary.However, generally the average starting salary for a new nurse in Florida ranges from about 15 dollars an hour or around 31,000 dollars a year.   However, the salaries increase tremendously with experience.   The salary of an advanced registered nurse practitioner (ARNP) range from 45,000 dollars to over 90,000 dollars annually. (http://www.floridanurse.org/foundatrionGrnats/index.asp) Utah State also faces a shortage of nurses.   The situation is a more severe and critical shortage.   Utah has ageing nursing professionals with an a verage registered nurses being 47 years.   However, Utah can employ various techniques to increase the supply of nurses.They can increase the number of nursing faculty in the various nursing schools.   Young men and women interested in developing a career in nursing can get an opportunity to train in the arena.   The nursing schools can be increased to accommodate more students and also be able to offer refresher courses to learners. Learners can also be given loans, scholarships and grants to undertake nursing education programs. This will increase the supply of nurses tremendously.   (http://www.utahnurses.org/portal/default.)REFERENCEFlorida Nurses Association article- Retrieved on 23rd Jan 2008 from;http://www.floridanurse.org/foundationgrants/index.aspLovell, v. (2006). Solving the nursing shortage through higher wages. Institute for women’s policy research: Washington DC, USA.Utah Nurses Association article- Retrieved on 23rd Jan 2008 from;http://www.utahnurses. org/portal/default.

Theatre As A Cultural Expression For Societys Theatrical...

â€Å"There have also been, all along, intercultural [theatrical] performances designed to displace audiences rather than affirm their geocultural positionings, to take into account differences within as well as between national cultures, and to ‘produce the experience of difference’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Knowles, 2010, p. 31). Like any other art form, theatre is often a cultural expression for societies around the world. Indeed, most cultures have their own theatrical traditions -- America’s theatrical tradition is the musical, Prague’s theatrical tradition is the Black Light theatre, and Japan’s theatrical tradition is Noh theatre, to name a few. However, of all art forms, theatre has been the art form perhaps most inclined throughout history to encourage and include communication among cultures. Theatre has encouraged this intercultural communication through its very nature, its distinct education, and the way casting occurs. Throughout history, theatr e has been a tool of questioners – why are things this way? How can they be changed? Often these questions involve how cultures communicate. Grossing 43 million dollars and ten Academy Awards in one year, which musical is a worldwide favorite while also being a thoughtful and sharp commentary on interaction between cultures? (Berson, 2011, pg. 155). The answer to the question is West Side Story, the musical about love and life in-between Puerto Rican and American cultures. West Side Story is just one example of a musical or play that has exploredShow MoreRelatedHistory of Theatre Lesson Notes Essay5401 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Lesson 1: Origins of Theatre Learning objectives: List the performance elements and understand their role in both ritual and theatre: time, place, participants (players, audience), scenario (agenda/goal/text/rules), clothing (uniform, costume, mask, makeup), sound (speech, music), movement (gesture, pantomime, dance), and function or purpose. Can be clock or fictional time, places vary (designed to meet needs), rituals might take place in one space or they might involve a procession with portionsRead MoreIs Japan An Extraordinary Novel Performing Art?2513 Words   |  11 Pagescenturies of restrictions and discrimination to become Japan’s well-preserved cultural play. Japan’s cultural pastimes, namingly dances and dramas, contain more than a millennium of uninterrupted history. The seriousness employed within different forms of play, theatrically speaking, makes Japan an extraordinary and unique country. In all of Asia, where tradition is generally subjected to assimilation, Japan’s theatre culture stands out as an art form that has never suffered a decline nor undergoneRead MoreThe Dramatic Significance of Sick Characters in Ola Rotimis Plays4629 Words   |  19 PagesOla Rotimi in the development of drama and theatre in Africa. He further argues that Rotimi’s significance is in the area of language and African theatre. He adds that in using these two forms, Rotimi makes his contribution to African Literature. Uwatt examines the use of Theatre–In–The–Round performance in Ola Rotimi’s drama to evolve a new Nigerian Theatre. He concludes that â€Å"Rotimi has adapted to the modern stage the traditional spatial concept of theatre, not only as a physical acting space onRead MoreEssay on Falstaff in Henry IV Part I2508 Words   |  11 PagesElizabethean male. Molding themselves after societal standards, these flat characters contrast Sir John Falstaff’s round, spirited personality. Through Falstaff’s unorthodox behavior and flagrant disregard for cultural traditions, Shakespeare advocates one’s personal values above society’s. Extolled as the essence of Shakespeare’s dramatic art (Bloom 299) and ridiculed as the symbol of self-indulgence and vice, the character of Sir John Falstaff, a loquacious knight, elicits a dichotomy withinRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 Pagestyrannical rulers or state and suffering of all abjected or oppressed people in this world consecutively. His plays are a manifestation of the idea that violence is a universal reality and all acts of violence in the society such as direct, structural and cultural violence are pathologies or social diseases which are detrimental to public health. Pinter’s plays also highlight the fact that language is the most common and powerful tool of violence or oppression as it not only has the power to control, abuseRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesthat celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergenceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesBusiness School, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland This book makes it easier to understand the current stand of organization theory. I strongly recommend it to anyone seriously interested in the different intellectual traditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of

The Colonization of Africa 1880 to 1914 Essay example

The Scramble for Africa took place during the period of time around 1880 until 1914. During this time Africa found itself being split up and divided amongst several European countries. In essence Africa was like a fresh baked pie and everyone wanted a slice. Several factors were the cause of this major land grab being Nationalism, Imperialism and to say the least pure greed! The British were the more dominant entity in the scramble and their main interests in the beginning were to acquire and protect sea routes to India. As a result of the congress of Vienna they acquired the area of South Africa known as the cape colony. Soon after, Gold and Diamond were found north of this area and this steered their interests northward. This†¦show more content†¦Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and Italy were also involved in the scramble and in the end there was only one Large area that remained independent which was Ethiopia, and a few very small areas. But for the most part, Europe swa llowed up the continent. The beginning of this imperialism started with king Leopold of Belgium. For several years he had been secretly sending his representatives to the Congo region to sign treaties and purchase land from the local tribes, when it finally came to light what he was doing, he had already acquired 900,000 acres, later known as The Belgian Congo. This land was not for his country, but for his own personal use. Leopold cared nothing about the land or the native people, his goal was to exploit the land and people at all cost and that is exactly what he did. Millions of native Africans were forced into slave labor for Leopold’s needs and the land was stripped of all its natural recourses. The slaves were treated horribly and many millions were slaughtered or died from the horrific conditions forced upon them. Although the exact number is not known it is estimated to be in the tens of millions. King Leopold’s actions were appalling, even to his own people and as a result he was removed from the throne and the land was annexed by Belgium. Another result was several countries taking notice of Leo’s exploits, and the â€Å"Scramble for Africa† Began. Britain as I mentioned before wasShow MoreRelatedAnalyze Attitudes Toward and Evaluate the Motivations Behind the European Acquisition of African Colonies in the Period 1880 to 19141147 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 During the late 1800’s, Europe was looking for a way to improve themselves as a whole. With growing population and a steady decline in available work, something new had to be done. Countries looked towards Africa to serve as new colonies for the Europeans in order to better their own countries. During the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 Europe’s attitude towards Africa was that Africa was the inferior race in comparisonRead MoreColonialism in Africa911 Words   |  4 PagesLadonya Gatling World Civilizations II Mr. Mitchell 10:00-10:50 (MWF) Colonialism in Africa Neither imperialism nor colonialism is a simple act of accumulation nor acquisition†¦ Out of imperialism, notions about culture were classified, reinforced, criticized or rejected† (BBC World Service). The nineteenth century saw massive changes in Africa. Some were driven by famine and disease (BBC World Service). Some changes were the result of the territorial ambitions of African rulers. As the centuryRead MoreImperialism Dbq Ap European History846 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people claimed it to be their job to enlighten and educate the uncivilized people of Africa. AlthoughRead MoreThe Scramble for Africa1154 Words   |  5 Pages What was the Scramble for Africa? The Scramble for Africa was a period of time where major European countries fought over and colonized land in Africa, stretching from South Africa to Egypt. The scramble for Africa began shortly after the slave trade, and ended at WW1, and is a strong representation of the ‘New Imperialism’. The first country to act was Belgium, who colonized Congo at 1885, but soon, other countries such as Portugal and Great Britain joined in in order to not miss out. FirstlyRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide Essay959 Words   |  4 Pageswe must understand events prior. In the late 19th c. Europe experienced the, â€Å"African Fever† a phrase that can only describe the participation of Italian, French, British, German, and Belgian forces in the colonization of the African continent, between 1880-1914. Prior to the colonization, European countries outlawed the transportation or sale of slaves. The change in opinion was spearheaded by British organizations that felt slavery was fundamentally corrupt. Soon after, other European countriesRead MoreThe Scramble For African Colonization Of Africa1733 Words   |  7 Pages The Scramble for Africa had a massive impact on the lives of the citizens that lived there. In the 1870’s when Germany became the new leader in the European industry with chemicals and electrical products. This time was known as the second industrial revolution when transportation in the country came about it effected routes of trade became easily available thus making. The growth of European colonization of Africa which was unique because they started to colonized later than everyone else. ForRead MoreForces That Drove European Imperialism3495 Words   |  14 Pagesproliferation of nationalism drove many empires to seek colonial expansion as a form of prestige and supremacy. Lastly, the growing popularity of Social Darwinist doctrines in combination with European society’s approval of imperialism further promoted colonization. By seeking to expand their empires, the Great Powers were hoping to successfully follow the doctrines of neo-mercantilism by establishing a commanding and multi-faceted economy with overseas colonies, whose production would assist the home countryRead MoreEuropean Imperialism in Late 19th Century Africa1624 Words   |  7 Pages European Imperialism in Late 19th Century Africa: African Response and Effects Rafael Delatorre History 002B Professor Standish April 12, 2014 Between 1870 and 1914, European countries ceased about ninety percent of Africa. Native Africans faced political, military, and imperialism pressure from various European countries. After the end of the profitable slave trade in Africa, due to abolishing of slavery, Europeans explored forRead MoreScramble Africa And The Aftermath Essay2328 Words   |  10 PagesScrambling Africa and the Aftermath. One common phenomenon between many nations of the world is the colony. The United States, Canada, South Korea, Niger, India, Kenya, Australia, and the Republic of South Africa and more shared the pros and cons of colonial systems. They are all former colonies to the extent that India, Nigeria, South Africa, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand are members of the Commonwealth, they are former colonies of the United Kingdom and they all continue to concede the nominalRead MoreThe General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa2361 Words   |  10 PagesConference on West Africa (1884-1885) and the partition of Africa among the main European powers, considering its importance for the construction of Europe. The Conference of Berlin was the culmination of a process that began with the presence of European traders in the costal areas of West Africa. The relations between Europe and Africa developed during the age of slave trade and were transformed on the 19th century. The Conference i nitiated the process of formal colonization, which lasted until

Media Is The Primary Source Of Information For The World

Media is the primary source of information for the society about what is happening internationally or within the country. The media industry is extremely developed in the UK, the British press is one of the largest and oldest in the world. According to the statistics, two out of three British people over the age of 15 read a newspaper every day, this is nearly 26 million people altogether. The circulations of seven British dailies are larger than the biggest national newspaper in France. Indeed, nowadays all significant newspapers have their own websites, and there is a possibility to access the news online. Book industry is also extremely influential, although it was anticipated that the modern forms of mass media will replace it. Britain has a reputation for high quality public-sevice broadcasting. There is at least one television in the majority of households in the UK and average people in Britain spend 24 hours per week watching TV. In a country where mass media is so expa nded and powerful questions about the actual influence that it has over politics and the nature of that influence necessarily arise. The 2010 general elections were especially remarkable because of the scale to which media and social networks were used by politicians for their campaigns. The outcome of the elections is well known, but it is important to mention that the media was particularly significant in affecting voting preferences and producing those results. The series of leaders debatesShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Is Fspring Of The World Wide Web Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media is the offspring of the world wide web (www) found in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee which includes blogs, forums, business networks, social gaming, microblogs, chat apps, photo sharing platforms and social networks. The global social penetration stands around 30%. 10% of total the total Indian population is active on social media platforms. Facebook is the most used social network on social media with a huge base of 100 Million users which makes it 53% of total internet users. More than 80%Read MoreThe Article, Media Bias And Reputation By Jesse M. Shapiro1117 Words   |  5 Pages1. The article, Media Bias and Reputation by Jesse M. Shapiro, discusses the interpretation of information based upon previously existing expectations. This is believed to lead news organizations to generate information being generated that appeals to specific demographics of consumers in order to build their own reputations among the public. In addition, the severity of media bias is discussed and the negative impact it has on public views as compared to unbiased information. The article purposesRead MoreMedia Campaign for World Suicide Prevention Day 20121598 Words   |  6 PagesMedia campaign for World Suicide Prevention Day 2012 Organization Profile The organization asking for assistance with its campaign is a small mental health nonprofit in Singapore. The company operates facilities that provide services to the mentally ill such as counseling, hospital-alternative programs, case management, housing assistance, and community outreach. The community outreach branch has been participating in the World Suicide Prevention Day campaigns since they were first organized,Read MoreA Persuasive Thesis Statement On Youth And The Internet Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s youth are tomorrow’s leaders. They are our future. So what kind of leaders are we creating? What affects the way our children grow up today? Popular opinion today says that excessive use of the internet is damaging to the youth of the world in many ways. One of the most significant beliefs is that kids today don’t exercise enough because they are on the computer all the time and that this will lead to a host of serious health problems incl uding obesity but also other types of physicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Major Themes Of Chomsky s Manufacturing Consent948 Words   |  4 Pagestend to put stock in varied forms of mass media. From Disney to Gannett we grow up with selective views of the world and shaped opinions based on TV ratings. There are many theories on hegemony in American society. Dr. Noam Chomsky, a preeminent authority in 20th century political philosophy, discusses how news media is a tool for disseminating propaganda provided by the powerful elite in his book Manufacturing Consent. He discusses how American mass media is a tool of democracy to placate the majorityRead MoreMedia And Communication1595 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I am going to discuss how the media is a primary form of human communication and how media relates to identity, society, and citizenship. I will also talk about key terms we have learned and discussed in the course and relate them to the questions. Media is a primary form of com munication, through forms such as technology, politics, economy. Media directly influences identity, society, and citizenship. There are many different types of media used in todays society for example we haveRead MoreMedia Influence Media956 Words   |  4 PagesHow does the media influence elections and politics During the past 20 years, the media has experienced massive changes in terms of the platforms it appears in as well as the audience it reaches. While traditional forms of media such as newspapers, television, are considered to be more controlled, with the newly occurring and vastly growing online media, information reaches more people and in a rapid pace never seen before. This essay will describe how new occurrences have gained media the power toRead MoreMedia s Impact On The Media1007 Words   |  5 Pagesthose sources of mass media to relay relevant and reliable information in order for us to understand pressing issues and formulate our opinions pertaining to the best approach in dealing with those issues. But what if the information relayed to us is biased and skewed or worse yet if those sources of information divert attention away from pressing matters and place the individuals in an oblivious state. The fact of the matter is that news organizations are more trusted sources of information thanRead MoreThe Invasion Of The Saddam Hussain Statue Down907 Words   |  4 Pagesimages – who decided to topple the statue, the Army report said. And it was a quick thinking Army psychological operations team that made it appear to be a spontaneous Iraqi undertaking’. (Fair.org as quoted by Karatzogianni 2006 p182) The western media reported that the toppling of the statue was executed by the Iraqi civilians who were grateful for the coalition forces intervention. Western news claimed that the coalition forces merely assisted the Iraqi population in bringing the statue down, byRead MoreSocial Media Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancement, constantly evolving. This pattern is no different from the world of advertising, as it has also evolved through the years and quite recently an unexpected technological innovation took the world by storm. It made such a tremendous impact that eventually led to the transformation of traditional marketing, and it’s no other than social media that we all learned to love. It’s quite fascinating that in the early 2000’s social media wasn’t even invented; yet statistics show that Facebook has accumulated

Deffenses For Democracy Essay Example For Students

Deffenses For Democracy Essay Is liberty a bad thing? Socrates seemed to think so. In Book VIIIof Platos Republic, Socrates criticizes democracy by attacking three ofits most important aspects: liberty, equality, and majority rule. Heasserts that because of these things, a democratic city will always fallinto tyranny. I disagree, and feel that all three of the principles areessential to a fair and just city, and only in their absence can a city betaken into tyranny. Socrates begins his observations on the defects of a democraticgovernment by first attacking liberty. His main argument is that there isentirely too much of it. People in a democracy are free to do what theywish in their lives and are free to chose what if any job they will do. Socrates asks if, like the man with the democratic soul, they will not just pass the time and not get much done (Plato, 557e). This may be true, but people who do not work do not eat. InSocrates city, much like in a communist regime, all of the people in acity are responsible f or the common good of all of the other members oftheir city. A man who does nothing would truly be a burden on thissociety, but unlike in Socrates city, or a communist state, in a capitalistdemocracy people are responsible for their own survival, and a manmust work if he is to have a food, shelter, and all of the othernecessities of life. When describing his just city, Socrates was very much in favor ofspecialization of labor (Plato, 367e-372b), so for a man to try manythings would go against his concept of what belongs in a good city. ButShouldnt one try ones hand at many tasks until one find a job that bestfulfills ones soul? In Alienated Labor, Karl Marx argues that separationof labor is fundamentally wrong in that it alienates the laborer not onlyfrom his labor, but also from himself and society as a whole(Good Life,272). Socrates himself claims that a just soul must find work that isbest for the ?rational? part of the soul (Plato, 434d-444e)Socrates also claims that criminals in a democratic city have toomuch freedom. He asks Adeimantus if he had not seen men?sentenced to death or exile, nonetheless staying and carrying on rightin the middle of things?(Plato 558a). A democracy has laws andpunishments as does every other government. Justice is always dependent on the wisdom of people, and peopleare fallible. Perha ps criminals do go free sometimes when given a trialby their peers, but monarchies and tyrannies are no less fallible. Historyis full of wrongly accused people being put to death, and horrible menbeing set free, in all kinds of government. Trial by a jury of peers, as isfound in a democracy, helps to alleviate this much better than judgmentpassed by a ruling body. According to Lysander Spooner, trial by juryis the watchdog of liberty, and when jurors are truly takenindiscriminately, and do theirs jobs seriously and without bias, then aperson has received the fairest trial that is possible (Spooner, 2)Socrates next takes aim against majority rule. He asks, what ismajority rule, but a system of a leader telling his people what he thinksthey want to hear? (Plato 558b) This may be true, but when a city hasthe power to choose its leaders, the leader then becomes responsible tothe needs and desires of the people if he wishes to stay in power. It isas Thomas Jefferson says, ?Governmentsder ive their just powersfrom the consent of the governed? (Jefferson). Even if a leader isignoble, if the people he is leading wish for noble things, he must to thegood thing or not be leader anymore. .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .postImageUrl , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:hover , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:visited , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:active { border:0!important; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:active , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Dirty South EssaySocrates imagines a city where there are philosophers are guidingthe city (Plato, 484), but are not philosophers human too? Why would aphilosopher be any less sensitive to corruption? Socrates response tothis is that the philosophers would be educated to know what is right forthe city. History has proven though, that just because a person iseducated does not mean he is noble or virtuous. Some of the worstleaders in the world have been the most educated. Education does notnecessarily breed morality. Aristotle explains that to be a truly virtuousperson one must act in a virtuous way, not just know what is the way tobe virtuous (Good Life, 35). Would not a corrupted leader in Socrates city be much morecatastrophic to a city than a corrupted leader in a democracy? In ademocracy, one corrupted leader can be forced to leave office and bereplaced, but when there is only one leader, who is either ordained bygod or brought in by military force, or when there is a group of leaderswho are not responsible to the people, the people have no opportunityto decide on a more noble or just person as their leader, and the peoplehave no protection against corruption in their government. Socrates last attack is against equality. He says democracydispenses a ?certain equality to equals and unequals alike? (Plato,558c). He seems to be saying that all men are not created equal andthat certain people are better equipped to have rights in a city. In fact,Socrates says that the people must be told that they have certainmetals in their souls which make them of different classes (Plato,412b-415d). He calls this the Noble Lie, and while it is a lie, I am notsu re how noble it is. Equality certainly has been a huge issue in our Americangovernment. As for personal rights, President John F. Kennedy said, ?All of us do not have equal talent, but all of should have an equalopportunity to develop our talents (Kennedy)? When it comes to equalityin government, Alexander Hamilton Declared in a speech to theConstitutional convention that ?every individual of the community atlarge has an equal right to protection of the government (Hamilton).?When it come to equality in choosing government, things tend to gettricky. If everyone is not going to be given a say in the government, thenwho decides who gets a say and who does not? What are thecredentials for voting? Who decides on the credentials? Who decideswho decides on the credentials? Philosophers? Who decides whichpeople are fit to be philosophers? Who educates the philosophers to beable to tell who would make a good voter and who would not? All people may not be created equal, but if all people are going to beaffected by the laws, all people should have an opportunity to decide onthem, and all people should be protected by them. The whole point of agovernment is to take care of its people. According to Lord Macaulay,?That is the best government which desires to make the people happy,and knows how to make them happy (Macaulay, 231). Michael Davis, in his book The Politics of Philosophy, explains thatthe best way to ensure a well run city is to make sure all of the citizens inthe city are given equal say in the way it is governed. He uses MalcolmXs famous saying in that a group of oppressed people will not stayoppressed forever, and that the best way for a government to stay stableis to listen to the majority with respect for the minorities. (Davis, 55-57)In conclusion, while Socrates offers good criticisms of democracy, hedoes not defend them very well, and he offers us no plausible alternative. He claims that democracy is one of the worst regimes, yet it wasdemocracy which al lowed him to criticize the very system he was takingadvantage. I think the best argument for democracy is the failure of otherrepressive governments such as the collapse of communism in theSoviet Union, The French monarchy, Britains colonial rule here inAmerica, and Fascism in Germany. Perhaps if these governments hadallowed for liberty, equality, and a majority rule, they would still be inexistence today. .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .postImageUrl , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:hover , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:visited , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:active { border:0!important; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:active , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Corporal Punishment EssayPhilosophy