The Colonization of Africa 1880 to 1914 Essay example

The Scramble for Africa took place during the period of time around 1880 until 1914. During this time Africa found itself being split up and divided amongst several European countries. In essence Africa was like a fresh baked pie and everyone wanted a slice. Several factors were the cause of this major land grab being Nationalism, Imperialism and to say the least pure greed! The British were the more dominant entity in the scramble and their main interests in the beginning were to acquire and protect sea routes to India. As a result of the congress of Vienna they acquired the area of South Africa known as the cape colony. Soon after, Gold and Diamond were found north of this area and this steered their interests northward. This†¦show more content†¦Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and Italy were also involved in the scramble and in the end there was only one Large area that remained independent which was Ethiopia, and a few very small areas. But for the most part, Europe swa llowed up the continent. The beginning of this imperialism started with king Leopold of Belgium. For several years he had been secretly sending his representatives to the Congo region to sign treaties and purchase land from the local tribes, when it finally came to light what he was doing, he had already acquired 900,000 acres, later known as The Belgian Congo. This land was not for his country, but for his own personal use. Leopold cared nothing about the land or the native people, his goal was to exploit the land and people at all cost and that is exactly what he did. Millions of native Africans were forced into slave labor for Leopold’s needs and the land was stripped of all its natural recourses. The slaves were treated horribly and many millions were slaughtered or died from the horrific conditions forced upon them. Although the exact number is not known it is estimated to be in the tens of millions. King Leopold’s actions were appalling, even to his own people and as a result he was removed from the throne and the land was annexed by Belgium. Another result was several countries taking notice of Leo’s exploits, and the â€Å"Scramble for Africa† Began. Britain as I mentioned before wasShow MoreRelatedAnalyze Attitudes Toward and Evaluate the Motivations Behind the European Acquisition of African Colonies in the Period 1880 to 19141147 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 During the late 1800’s, Europe was looking for a way to improve themselves as a whole. With growing population and a steady decline in available work, something new had to be done. Countries looked towards Africa to serve as new colonies for the Europeans in order to better their own countries. During the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 Europe’s attitude towards Africa was that Africa was the inferior race in comparisonRead MoreColonialism in Africa911 Words   |  4 PagesLadonya Gatling World Civilizations II Mr. Mitchell 10:00-10:50 (MWF) Colonialism in Africa Neither imperialism nor colonialism is a simple act of accumulation nor acquisition†¦ Out of imperialism, notions about culture were classified, reinforced, criticized or rejected† (BBC World Service). The nineteenth century saw massive changes in Africa. Some were driven by famine and disease (BBC World Service). Some changes were the result of the territorial ambitions of African rulers. As the centuryRead MoreImperialism Dbq Ap European History846 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people claimed it to be their job to enlighten and educate the uncivilized people of Africa. AlthoughRead MoreThe Scramble for Africa1154 Words   |  5 Pages What was the Scramble for Africa? The Scramble for Africa was a period of time where major European countries fought over and colonized land in Africa, stretching from South Africa to Egypt. The scramble for Africa began shortly after the slave trade, and ended at WW1, and is a strong representation of the ‘New Imperialism’. The first country to act was Belgium, who colonized Congo at 1885, but soon, other countries such as Portugal and Great Britain joined in in order to not miss out. FirstlyRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide Essay959 Words   |  4 Pageswe must understand events prior. In the late 19th c. Europe experienced the, â€Å"African Fever† a phrase that can only describe the participation of Italian, French, British, German, and Belgian forces in the colonization of the African continent, between 1880-1914. Prior to the colonization, European countries outlawed the transportation or sale of slaves. The change in opinion was spearheaded by British organizations that felt slavery was fundamentally corrupt. Soon after, other European countriesRead MoreThe Scramble For African Colonization Of Africa1733 Words   |  7 Pages The Scramble for Africa had a massive impact on the lives of the citizens that lived there. In the 1870’s when Germany became the new leader in the European industry with chemicals and electrical products. This time was known as the second industrial revolution when transportation in the country came about it effected routes of trade became easily available thus making. The growth of European colonization of Africa which was unique because they started to colonized later than everyone else. ForRead MoreForces That Drove European Imperialism3495 Words   |  14 Pagesproliferation of nationalism drove many empires to seek colonial expansion as a form of prestige and supremacy. Lastly, the growing popularity of Social Darwinist doctrines in combination with European society’s approval of imperialism further promoted colonization. By seeking to expand their empires, the Great Powers were hoping to successfully follow the doctrines of neo-mercantilism by establishing a commanding and multi-faceted economy with overseas colonies, whose production would assist the home countryRead MoreEuropean Imperialism in Late 19th Century Africa1624 Words   |  7 Pages European Imperialism in Late 19th Century Africa: African Response and Effects Rafael Delatorre History 002B Professor Standish April 12, 2014 Between 1870 and 1914, European countries ceased about ninety percent of Africa. Native Africans faced political, military, and imperialism pressure from various European countries. After the end of the profitable slave trade in Africa, due to abolishing of slavery, Europeans explored forRead MoreScramble Africa And The Aftermath Essay2328 Words   |  10 PagesScrambling Africa and the Aftermath. One common phenomenon between many nations of the world is the colony. The United States, Canada, South Korea, Niger, India, Kenya, Australia, and the Republic of South Africa and more shared the pros and cons of colonial systems. They are all former colonies to the extent that India, Nigeria, South Africa, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand are members of the Commonwealth, they are former colonies of the United Kingdom and they all continue to concede the nominalRead MoreThe General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa2361 Words   |  10 PagesConference on West Africa (1884-1885) and the partition of Africa among the main European powers, considering its importance for the construction of Europe. The Conference of Berlin was the culmination of a process that began with the presence of European traders in the costal areas of West Africa. The relations between Europe and Africa developed during the age of slave trade and were transformed on the 19th century. The Conference i nitiated the process of formal colonization, which lasted until

Media Is The Primary Source Of Information For The World

Media is the primary source of information for the society about what is happening internationally or within the country. The media industry is extremely developed in the UK, the British press is one of the largest and oldest in the world. According to the statistics, two out of three British people over the age of 15 read a newspaper every day, this is nearly 26 million people altogether. The circulations of seven British dailies are larger than the biggest national newspaper in France. Indeed, nowadays all significant newspapers have their own websites, and there is a possibility to access the news online. Book industry is also extremely influential, although it was anticipated that the modern forms of mass media will replace it. Britain has a reputation for high quality public-sevice broadcasting. There is at least one television in the majority of households in the UK and average people in Britain spend 24 hours per week watching TV. In a country where mass media is so expa nded and powerful questions about the actual influence that it has over politics and the nature of that influence necessarily arise. The 2010 general elections were especially remarkable because of the scale to which media and social networks were used by politicians for their campaigns. The outcome of the elections is well known, but it is important to mention that the media was particularly significant in affecting voting preferences and producing those results. The series of leaders debatesShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Is Fspring Of The World Wide Web Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media is the offspring of the world wide web (www) found in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee which includes blogs, forums, business networks, social gaming, microblogs, chat apps, photo sharing platforms and social networks. The global social penetration stands around 30%. 10% of total the total Indian population is active on social media platforms. Facebook is the most used social network on social media with a huge base of 100 Million users which makes it 53% of total internet users. More than 80%Read MoreThe Article, Media Bias And Reputation By Jesse M. Shapiro1117 Words   |  5 Pages1. The article, Media Bias and Reputation by Jesse M. Shapiro, discusses the interpretation of information based upon previously existing expectations. This is believed to lead news organizations to generate information being generated that appeals to specific demographics of consumers in order to build their own reputations among the public. In addition, the severity of media bias is discussed and the negative impact it has on public views as compared to unbiased information. The article purposesRead MoreMedia Campaign for World Suicide Prevention Day 20121598 Words   |  6 PagesMedia campaign for World Suicide Prevention Day 2012 Organization Profile The organization asking for assistance with its campaign is a small mental health nonprofit in Singapore. The company operates facilities that provide services to the mentally ill such as counseling, hospital-alternative programs, case management, housing assistance, and community outreach. The community outreach branch has been participating in the World Suicide Prevention Day campaigns since they were first organized,Read MoreA Persuasive Thesis Statement On Youth And The Internet Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s youth are tomorrow’s leaders. They are our future. So what kind of leaders are we creating? What affects the way our children grow up today? Popular opinion today says that excessive use of the internet is damaging to the youth of the world in many ways. One of the most significant beliefs is that kids today don’t exercise enough because they are on the computer all the time and that this will lead to a host of serious health problems incl uding obesity but also other types of physicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Major Themes Of Chomsky s Manufacturing Consent948 Words   |  4 Pagestend to put stock in varied forms of mass media. From Disney to Gannett we grow up with selective views of the world and shaped opinions based on TV ratings. There are many theories on hegemony in American society. Dr. Noam Chomsky, a preeminent authority in 20th century political philosophy, discusses how news media is a tool for disseminating propaganda provided by the powerful elite in his book Manufacturing Consent. He discusses how American mass media is a tool of democracy to placate the majorityRead MoreMedia And Communication1595 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I am going to discuss how the media is a primary form of human communication and how media relates to identity, society, and citizenship. I will also talk about key terms we have learned and discussed in the course and relate them to the questions. Media is a primary form of com munication, through forms such as technology, politics, economy. Media directly influences identity, society, and citizenship. There are many different types of media used in todays society for example we haveRead MoreMedia Influence Media956 Words   |  4 PagesHow does the media influence elections and politics During the past 20 years, the media has experienced massive changes in terms of the platforms it appears in as well as the audience it reaches. While traditional forms of media such as newspapers, television, are considered to be more controlled, with the newly occurring and vastly growing online media, information reaches more people and in a rapid pace never seen before. This essay will describe how new occurrences have gained media the power toRead MoreMedia s Impact On The Media1007 Words   |  5 Pagesthose sources of mass media to relay relevant and reliable information in order for us to understand pressing issues and formulate our opinions pertaining to the best approach in dealing with those issues. But what if the information relayed to us is biased and skewed or worse yet if those sources of information divert attention away from pressing matters and place the individuals in an oblivious state. The fact of the matter is that news organizations are more trusted sources of information thanRead MoreThe Invasion Of The Saddam Hussain Statue Down907 Words   |  4 Pagesimages – who decided to topple the statue, the Army report said. And it was a quick thinking Army psychological operations team that made it appear to be a spontaneous Iraqi undertaking’. (Fair.org as quoted by Karatzogianni 2006 p182) The western media reported that the toppling of the statue was executed by the Iraqi civilians who were grateful for the coalition forces intervention. Western news claimed that the coalition forces merely assisted the Iraqi population in bringing the statue down, byRead MoreSocial Media Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancement, constantly evolving. This pattern is no different from the world of advertising, as it has also evolved through the years and quite recently an unexpected technological innovation took the world by storm. It made such a tremendous impact that eventually led to the transformation of traditional marketing, and it’s no other than social media that we all learned to love. It’s quite fascinating that in the early 2000’s social media wasn’t even invented; yet statistics show that Facebook has accumulated

Deffenses For Democracy Essay Example For Students

Deffenses For Democracy Essay Is liberty a bad thing? Socrates seemed to think so. In Book VIIIof Platos Republic, Socrates criticizes democracy by attacking three ofits most important aspects: liberty, equality, and majority rule. Heasserts that because of these things, a democratic city will always fallinto tyranny. I disagree, and feel that all three of the principles areessential to a fair and just city, and only in their absence can a city betaken into tyranny. Socrates begins his observations on the defects of a democraticgovernment by first attacking liberty. His main argument is that there isentirely too much of it. People in a democracy are free to do what theywish in their lives and are free to chose what if any job they will do. Socrates asks if, like the man with the democratic soul, they will not just pass the time and not get much done (Plato, 557e). This may be true, but people who do not work do not eat. InSocrates city, much like in a communist regime, all of the people in acity are responsible f or the common good of all of the other members oftheir city. A man who does nothing would truly be a burden on thissociety, but unlike in Socrates city, or a communist state, in a capitalistdemocracy people are responsible for their own survival, and a manmust work if he is to have a food, shelter, and all of the othernecessities of life. When describing his just city, Socrates was very much in favor ofspecialization of labor (Plato, 367e-372b), so for a man to try manythings would go against his concept of what belongs in a good city. ButShouldnt one try ones hand at many tasks until one find a job that bestfulfills ones soul? In Alienated Labor, Karl Marx argues that separationof labor is fundamentally wrong in that it alienates the laborer not onlyfrom his labor, but also from himself and society as a whole(Good Life,272). Socrates himself claims that a just soul must find work that isbest for the ?rational? part of the soul (Plato, 434d-444e)Socrates also claims that criminals in a democratic city have toomuch freedom. He asks Adeimantus if he had not seen men?sentenced to death or exile, nonetheless staying and carrying on rightin the middle of things?(Plato 558a). A democracy has laws andpunishments as does every other government. Justice is always dependent on the wisdom of people, and peopleare fallible. Perha ps criminals do go free sometimes when given a trialby their peers, but monarchies and tyrannies are no less fallible. Historyis full of wrongly accused people being put to death, and horrible menbeing set free, in all kinds of government. Trial by a jury of peers, as isfound in a democracy, helps to alleviate this much better than judgmentpassed by a ruling body. According to Lysander Spooner, trial by juryis the watchdog of liberty, and when jurors are truly takenindiscriminately, and do theirs jobs seriously and without bias, then aperson has received the fairest trial that is possible (Spooner, 2)Socrates next takes aim against majority rule. He asks, what ismajority rule, but a system of a leader telling his people what he thinksthey want to hear? (Plato 558b) This may be true, but when a city hasthe power to choose its leaders, the leader then becomes responsible tothe needs and desires of the people if he wishes to stay in power. It isas Thomas Jefferson says, ?Governmentsder ive their just powersfrom the consent of the governed? (Jefferson). Even if a leader isignoble, if the people he is leading wish for noble things, he must to thegood thing or not be leader anymore. .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .postImageUrl , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:hover , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:visited , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:active { border:0!important; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:active , .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409 .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6fdd54fb4ffdafec933de80eb3a3e409:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Dirty South EssaySocrates imagines a city where there are philosophers are guidingthe city (Plato, 484), but are not philosophers human too? Why would aphilosopher be any less sensitive to corruption? Socrates response tothis is that the philosophers would be educated to know what is right forthe city. History has proven though, that just because a person iseducated does not mean he is noble or virtuous. Some of the worstleaders in the world have been the most educated. Education does notnecessarily breed morality. Aristotle explains that to be a truly virtuousperson one must act in a virtuous way, not just know what is the way tobe virtuous (Good Life, 35). Would not a corrupted leader in Socrates city be much morecatastrophic to a city than a corrupted leader in a democracy? In ademocracy, one corrupted leader can be forced to leave office and bereplaced, but when there is only one leader, who is either ordained bygod or brought in by military force, or when there is a group of leaderswho are not responsible to the people, the people have no opportunityto decide on a more noble or just person as their leader, and the peoplehave no protection against corruption in their government. Socrates last attack is against equality. He says democracydispenses a ?certain equality to equals and unequals alike? (Plato,558c). He seems to be saying that all men are not created equal andthat certain people are better equipped to have rights in a city. In fact,Socrates says that the people must be told that they have certainmetals in their souls which make them of different classes (Plato,412b-415d). He calls this the Noble Lie, and while it is a lie, I am notsu re how noble it is. Equality certainly has been a huge issue in our Americangovernment. As for personal rights, President John F. Kennedy said, ?All of us do not have equal talent, but all of should have an equalopportunity to develop our talents (Kennedy)? When it comes to equalityin government, Alexander Hamilton Declared in a speech to theConstitutional convention that ?every individual of the community atlarge has an equal right to protection of the government (Hamilton).?When it come to equality in choosing government, things tend to gettricky. If everyone is not going to be given a say in the government, thenwho decides who gets a say and who does not? What are thecredentials for voting? Who decides on the credentials? Who decideswho decides on the credentials? Philosophers? Who decides whichpeople are fit to be philosophers? Who educates the philosophers to beable to tell who would make a good voter and who would not? All people may not be created equal, but if all people are going to beaffected by the laws, all people should have an opportunity to decide onthem, and all people should be protected by them. The whole point of agovernment is to take care of its people. According to Lord Macaulay,?That is the best government which desires to make the people happy,and knows how to make them happy (Macaulay, 231). Michael Davis, in his book The Politics of Philosophy, explains thatthe best way to ensure a well run city is to make sure all of the citizens inthe city are given equal say in the way it is governed. He uses MalcolmXs famous saying in that a group of oppressed people will not stayoppressed forever, and that the best way for a government to stay stableis to listen to the majority with respect for the minorities. (Davis, 55-57)In conclusion, while Socrates offers good criticisms of democracy, hedoes not defend them very well, and he offers us no plausible alternative. He claims that democracy is one of the worst regimes, yet it wasdemocracy which al lowed him to criticize the very system he was takingadvantage. I think the best argument for democracy is the failure of otherrepressive governments such as the collapse of communism in theSoviet Union, The French monarchy, Britains colonial rule here inAmerica, and Fascism in Germany. Perhaps if these governments hadallowed for liberty, equality, and a majority rule, they would still be inexistence today. .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .postImageUrl , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:hover , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:visited , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:active { border:0!important; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:active , .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060 .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6a8f3b932e186881f0673c725c8e060:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Corporal Punishment EssayPhilosophy

Metamorphosis of Narcissus free essay sample

This painting is Dalis interpretation of the Greek myth of Narcissus. Narcissus was a youth of great beauty who loved only himself and broke the hearts of many lovers. The gods punished him by letting him see his own reflection in a pool. He fell in love with it, but discovered he could not embrace it and died of frustration. Relenting, the gods immortalised him as the narcissus (daffodil) flower. For this picture Dali used a meticulous technique which he described as hand-painted colour photography to depict with hallucinatory effect the transformation of Narcissus, kneeling in the pool, into the hand holding the egg and flower. Narcissus as he was before his transformation is seen posing in the background. The play with double images sprang from Dalis fascination with hallucination and delusion. This was Dalis first painting to be made entirely in accordance with the paranoiac critical method, which the artist described as a Spontaneous method of irrational knowledge, based on the critical-interpretative association of the phenomena of delirium (The Conquest of the Irrational, published in The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, New York 1942). We will write a custom essay sample on Metamorphosis of Narcissus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Robert Descharnes noted that this painting meant a great deal to Dali, as it was the first Surrealist work to offer a consistent interpretation of an irrational subject. The artist said to Descharnes of this picture: A painting shown and explained to Dr. Freud. Pedagogical presentation of the myth of narcissism, illustrated by a poem written at the same time. In this poem and this painting, there is death and fossilization of Narcissus. The poem to which Dali referred was published in 1937, in a small book by the artist entitled Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The book also contains two explanatory notes printed facing a colour reproduction of the painting, the first of which reads: WAY OF VISUALLY OBSERVING THE COURSE OF THE METAMORPHOSIS OF NARCISSUS REPRESENTED IN THE PRINT ON THE OPPOSITE PAGE: If one looks for some time, from a slight distance and with a certain distant fixedness, at the hypnotically immobile figure of Narcissus, it gradually disappears until at last it is completely invisible. The metamorphosis of the myth takes place at that precise moment, for the image of Narcissus is suddenly transformed into the image of a hand which ises out of his own reflection. At the tips of its fingers the hand is holding an egg, a seed, a bulb from which will be born the new narcissus the flower. Beside it can be seen the limestone sculpture of the hand the fossil hand of the water holding the blown flower. When he met Sigmund Freud in London in 1938, Dali took this picture with him as an example of his work, as well as a magazine conta ining an article he had written on paranoia. Freud wrote the following day to Stefan Zweig, who had introduced them, that it would be very interesting to explore analytically the growth of a picture like this.

Fear and Trembling in Las Vegas

In the book â€Å"Fear and Trembling in Las Vegas†, the author takes his readers through their experience in the chase of the American Dream. He is under the pseudonym of one Raoul Duke who travels with his attorney who is called Dr. Gonzo, from Samoa. Together they arrive in the â€Å"Great Red Shark† as this place was always referred to as a gigantic pimped Chevrolet convertible vehicle, and initially land in Las Vegas as a journalist and his attorney in pursuit of a story about a motor race.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Fear and Trembling in Las Vegas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They soon abandon their course and go in pursuit of the elusive American Dream in what Thompson referred to as Gonzo Journalism. With time, however, they get frustrated and gets into a stupor because they start using different sorts of intoxicating substances including alcohol, cocaine and even cannabis. The two gentlemen arrived in Las Vegas with the trunk of their car so full of different drugs and intoxicating concoctions that one would be reminded of an anti-narcotics forensic laboratory. It had two bags, seventy-five mescaline pellets and five sheets of blotter acid. There was a salt-shake which was actually half full of cocaine powder instead of salt. They also had tequila, rum, Budweiser, raw ether and even amyls. This dangerous living was actually a distraction from the punishing life in Las Vegas and America in general. Their dream of making it big, aptly put by Duke as â€Å"gross physical salute to the fantastic possibilities of life in this country†, this is description statement is able to show that they are terribly shattered when they find out that things are not actually the way they expected. It is a depiction of the generational restlessness and frustration when things don’t seem to work at all. They also resort to violence with the aim of destroying ever ything that reminds them of the American capitalism and extravagance. As A puts it (up there), â€Å"no one is safe from their comic terror†. They unleashed threats and harassments to chambermaids, tourists and everybody else. They destroyed hotel rooms and stoned vehicles on the streets and even indulged in petty theft. They escaped the law because they were in Las Vegas at a time when lawlessness was reigning supreme, but the comedy is in the fact that they were robbing and molesting even the poorest and most powerless of all people. In what he called his â€Å"chemotherapy chair† or the place he sat regularly when intoxicating himself with drugs, he could reminisce over the situation in Las Vegas – the chaos, lawlessness and poverty and what they portend for the American Dream. This is what made him fearful and loathsome. Another hilarious part of the book is where the locals were wondering why he was driving around in a Cadillac, to which he responded  "you don’t go around chasing the American Dream in a Volkswagen a white Cadillac Convertible and nothing less† a statement exclaimed.Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a nutshell, â€Å"fear and loathing in Las Vegas† is a vivid narration and hilarious narration of an adventure induced by consumption of all sorts of drugs. They refer to it as chasing the American Dream, though done in a complete stupor and recklessness. It is also perceived as a separation of reality from fallacy, which is funny because the perceived reality is actually through the eyes of a person in a trance courtesy of the massive intake of different intoxicants. Thompson argues that if they work the issue in the right way, then they would make it right. This was a statement made as Raoul Duke, agues in favor of the drugs. His argument is to the effect that they can only achiev e the American Dream if their search is guided by and conducted under the influence of mescaline tabs, jimson weed, ether and all the other substances they had at their disposal. Together with his attorney, they invade all the nice hotels in Las Vegas and accumulate huge bills which they actually abandon. They walk out on the pretext of going to cover the Mint 400 and the Conference on Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs. Actually a keen observer will notice they are under influence of the same drugs whose conference they are about to attend. The drugs had certain effect on them and their pretence could be easily be detected with no doubt. Again in their adventures, Thompson shoots away in the desert with a .357 Magnum gun and has an intimate encounter with Lucy whose teeth remind him of a baseball and eyes look like jellied fire. They also witness an overweight policeman and his similarly obese wife, or so they assume, in a public show of sexual activity. The most interesting thing about this scene is that their huge audience includes about 1000 policemen and women. This was a very big number of personalities and was very ironical. They are engrossed, or so they pretend, in a movie about the dangers of consuming marijuana. This situation is targeted to depict the lawless nature of Las Vegas where anything goes and the public is actually thrilled rather than dismayed or embarrassed. This scene, according to Thompson, can only be tolerable if one is under the influence of some strong substance that will create an illusion in the mind of the user. Another comic scene is where they ask a waitress whether she can give them directions where to find the American Dream, i.e., if she knows where it is. A lengthy conversation ensues involving the waiter, a short order man and the two guests. The question appears confusing and they begin to ponder whether it is the name of a place, a former discotheque which went by the name â€Å"Psychiatrist’s Club†. Its locat ion is on Paradise Avenue in the outskirts of Las Vegas. There are varied thoughts about the American Dream and whether the duo found it or not. For instance, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt argued that they never did because they actually knew it does not exist right from the word go. On the other hand, it is argued that their run amok lifestyle in Las Vegas was actually the American Dream in their context and they actually lived it.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Fear and Trembling in Las Vegas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reading the book gives one a feeling of an adventurous spirit and attention to amazements. The illusions of the American Dream are also very hilariously presented, in particular, given that the chase is done under influence of intoxicating drugs. At the same time, the illusions of the American Dream are expressed in a hilarious way by the author considering the information relayed in the reflection idea presented. This term paper on Fear and Trembling in Las Vegas was written and submitted by user Rylee Phillips to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Lyndon Johnsons Effect of AMerican Foriegn Policy Towards Isreal essays

Lyndon Johnsons Effect of AMerican Foriegn Policy Towards Isreal essays The following is a discussion of American foreign policy towards Israel, and the Middle East. In it I will show that Lyndon Johnson changed the regional position and opinion of the United Stated by adapting a pro Israeli stance, categorized by excusing many unadvised forceful actions taken by Israel. It will be shown how Johnsons response to the outbreak of the 1967 War was the major factor in the change. These changes took the first steps in developing the close friendship between America and Israel. Other factors will be discussed. The cold war had a major effect on policy decisions. This will be shown through a historical account of his predecessors policies in their dealings with the region. I will show that American some presidents had pro Israeli feelings, but aimed at staying neutral, and keeping the broadness of American influence in the Middle East. In all dealings, American presidents tried to appease both sides, and keep the peace. It was not until Lyndon Johnson came to power that policy took such pro Israeli turn. His predecessor John F Kennedy set the stage, but its roots lie in the Truman presidency, when Israel was not yet a nation. The analysis next leads to Eisenhower, his stance during the Suez Canal Crisis, gained America a good standing amongst Israelis and Arabs. The foundations for the 1967 war are built on this crisis. Harry Truman looked at the issue through Humanitarian eyes, as did his predecessor, Franklin Roosevelt. The two both truly felt sorry for what had had happened to the Jews and wanted to see some reparations made. These two men had their cabinets, state department and foreign affairs to consider before making a public stance on their Jewish feelings. Truman had a very bureaucratic, and anti Semitic state department to deal with. He called them the striped pants boys. These boys saw no reason to stress the urgent creation of a Jewish state, and were in no hurry...

The nature of leadership Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The nature of leadership - Dissertation Example The optimism character and the confidence help to attain goals for the leader and develop the skills and expertise in his behaviour. The leader need to understand the attribution of the followers and motivate them and allocate resources to accomplish a goal by designing formal structures and systems. Mutual involvement and with trust and co-operation with the members are an essential element the leader should take care of to support the values of the fellow members. Without followers there are no leaders. What is known about followers? The followers are the makers of the leader. Leaders influence a group but it’s the followers who help to reach the goal through their skills and efforts. The training and development attribute along with the vision of the leader clubbed with the followers’ skills completes the causal chain of effect. Figure 1: Causal Chain of effects from two types of leaders’ behaviour (Source: Yukl, 2007, p. 27) The leaders enhance the skills and confidence of the people and attract them to follow in his own ideologies. The followers are needed to be trustworthy towards the leader and should be committed towards the work assigned to them. The people working under should be satisfied with their job and with the leader for an efficient implication of the assigned task in accordance with environment and external dependencies. Reference Yukl, G.

Human Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Human Development - Essay Example Physical changes can mark significant stress reactions that can lead to a variety of negative behaviors. It is during this period where the desire to find independence from caregivers is strongly on their consciousness, and the level of stress will either increase or decrease in relation to how their parental figures handle this new need for independence. More controlling families could lead the child to develop depressive symptoms while a liberating household might give them the freedoms they demand, therefore having minimal stress and stress reactions. Environment and the level of control placed over the youth during adolescence will determine whether or not this is a period of stress and storm. A highly controlling household acts as an impediment to perceived achievement, which is considered a strong factor in males that can lead to stronger emotional outbursts or negative stress response (Kort-Butler, 2009). In terms of finding self-identity, it is often the opinion of peers that dictate how a person views themselves and they consider the thoughts of people in various reference groups when molding their self-concept. Media can play a big part in the child’s viewpoint, such as with young females comparing themselves to beauty ideologies represented in many television commercials, and then finding dissatisfaction for not being able to attain these physical traits. Even though this is a distorted view, the outcomes on personal adolescent stress that is caused by reference groups can be quite negative. It is common for adolescents to go through what is referred to as a moratorium, where they have non-conformist attitudes and a strong rebellion toward parents, with peer groups considering their behaviors to be intense and outside of the social norm (Weiten & Lloyd, 2005). Youths that fit this profile often will not commit to parental moral values, or sometimes those of peers, and they find themselves (at least

Business Strategy in a Global Environment Case Study

Business Strategy in a Global Environment - Case Study Example Case study "Bussiness strategy in a global environment" is kind of work that includes everything that may characterize meaning ''academic appliance". Author overviewed lots of qualified literature in order to make structured and complex answer on next question: "What is actually business strategy and how it interacts with the global environment?". The author thinks that the first step of each successful strategy is a choice, which is based on the foundations that have been laid by the SWOT matrix. This notion postulates that the observations of the SWOT matrix can be explored further through the application of the TOWS matrix whereby the integration of both external and internal factors that are associated with the organization can guide Farstad Shipping towards the achievement of its long-term goals and objectives. The application of this technique of situational analysis with regards to the company under discussion is an acknowledgment of the importance of this tool in strategic planning. This is essentially the point where a global business strategy differs from a national business development strategy as different other factors such as product standardization and adaptation come in. Global business strategies have emerged as a result of globalization and internationalization of established domestic companies which is purpo rted to increase the value of the company in question. This work contains the title, table of contents, a bunch of tables and diagrammes, main part and reference list. ... Therefore, the available options that have come under consideration are presented through the Business-level Matrix and the Product/Market Matrix below: Table 1.1.2 Business-level Matrix (Adapted from: Goldman and Nieuwenhuizen 2006) Table 1.1.3 Product/Market Matrix Products/services Existing New Markets Existing Market penetration New products/services New Market development Diversification (Adapted from: Johnson, Whittington & Scholes 2011) The viable strategies for Farstad Shipping which have been selected through the examination of the TOWS Matrix, the Business-level Matrix and the Product/Market Matrix are: cost leadership, differentiation, new products/services, market development and market penetration. These strategies will be assessed in greater detail in the following sections of the report. 1.2 Strategic Choice As per the company’s long-term objective, Farstad Shipping aims to become the foremost supplier of offshore tonnage to the businesses operating in the oil a nd gas industry (Farstad 2012a). The organization understands that it conducts operations in an industry which is marked by the presence of intense competition which is why it categorizes innovative process and technology as the main tools which can guide the organization towards success. In order to attain its long-term objectives Farstad Shipping faces the selection of a combination of five distinct business-level and corporate level strategies which must be thoroughly examined, analyzed and evaluated by keeping in view the dynamic nature of the industry in which the organization conducts its activities. Consequently, assessments on strategic choice are also pivotal to the attainment of a competitive advantage. 1.2.1 Cost Leadership The

Spice Mobiles: Sales and Distribution Strategy

Spice Mobiles: Sales and Distribution Strategy Indian wireless sector has been an epitome of growth and success story all along as the cellular subscriber base increased from 1.9 million as on March 31, 2000 to 584 million as on March 31, 2010. As the sector has matured, the baton of growth has been passed-on to novel concepts such as Telecom Infrastructure Companies (commonly known as the tower companies), Value Added Service providers (popular application being Caller Ring Back Tone-CRBT) and more recently the home-grown Mobile Handset (HG) players. The Indian Mobile Handset Market is dominated by established international brands such as Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, LG etc. Nokia has been a clear market leader followed by Samsung, a distant second. There has been a continuous jostle for the third position with players like Motorola, Sony Ericsson, LG vying for the spot. Apart from the braded cell-phones, the market is also flushed with cheap, unbranded imported mobile phones that get routed through grey markets to reach domestic consumers (most of these unbranded mobile phones, hitherto, were without any International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) numbers). When mobile phones were introduced in India in the mid-90s, US based Motorola, Swedens Ericsson and Finlands Nokia dominated the handset market in India. Over the years, the old order has changed. Asian players like Samsung and LG, European brands Philips and Siemens now compete with Motorola and Sony-Ericsson. Now with the emergence of local players like Micromaxx, karbonn and Spice etc., the competition has got all the more intense and the fight for consumers pocket has increased. Nokia, the undisputed leader is now challenged by local players like Micromaxx which has replaced Samsung to become the third biggest mobile selling vendor in the country. If we look a bit deeper, its not only the price or technology, but the reach of these new players in terms of distribution that has given them such a big chunk of the market and that to so soon! HOME-GROWN MOBILE HANDSET PLAYERS Given the backdrop of the growth in the domestic wireless subscriber base coupled with no dominant mobile handset player in India apart from the international brand, Nokia, provided business opportunity for Indian firms to take a plunge into the market; thus, the creation of HG players including Spice Mobiles, Micromax, Karbonn, Lava, Videocon etc. The business model followed by most HG players is relatively simple. These players have research and innovation teams that provide India-centric design specifications to contract manufacturers in neighbouring countries of China, Taiwan etc. These phones are shipped to India which are then routed through the domestic distribution channel for sale in the domestic market. Time-to-market from design-to-production-to-end market is critical in this sector as such players have set-up three-layered distribution system that includes regional distributors to support micro-distributors that in turn service the retail outlets. The initial part of the success of HG players was largely attributable to the price-elasticity of demand prevalent in the Indian market. These players provided phones loaded with various features at an affordable price. Other key aspect of the strategy followed by these players was to initially tap the rural markets where consumers are relatively less brand conscious and more price conscious. We believe it was not just the price differential that made these players tick; the home-grown players provided innovative offerings to rural markets (such as multi SIM handsets, mobile phones with 30-day battery back-up) that provided value-for-money rather than mere price-differential a key success mantra to tap the fortune at the bottom-of-the-pyramid. (Hitherto, the key market segment for these players) The inflection point for the growth of HG players in the recent times also came from the directive from the Government of India to bar handsets without IMEI numbers to be used in India. These handsets were a direct competition to the HG players and a ban on them provided huge growth opportunities for these players. Encashing on this opportunity, the HG players have grown from strength-to-strength and are slowly but surely cementing their place in the Indian Mobile Handset market. Attuned to its primary market segment i.e. Tier-I and Tier-II cities, the marketing by HG players were hitherto more of the push-strategy whereby greater pass-through margins were given to Distributors and Retailers. However, off-late they have also initiated the use of pull-strategy by venturing into brand building initiatives such as roping-in of brand ambassadors and sponsoring of sports tournaments. We see these initiatives as a prelude before venturing into more lucrative urban markets. However, going f orward the HG players shall have to contend with various challenges such as to constantly invest on innovation and brand building; to build and strengthen their distribution network after-sales services; to move-up the value chain both in term of technology (providing 3-G Technology, QWERTY format phones) and markets (from Tier-II/ Tier-III segments to Urban markets) and to counter direct competition from Chinese players who are looking to set-up shops in India. Here in this study, we will discuss the key distribution strategies and challenges of one such home grown player Spice Mobile. A DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTION MODEL The distribution of mobile phones varies considerably from that of other consumer electronics and appliances such as LCD TVs or Air conditioners. This is because the pace of sales of mobile phones is a lot faster than the other consumer electronic goods. Also, the physical size of the products also is a factor. The mobile phone, being a quite fast moving product, hence is not handled by the distributors handling TVs and audio products or washing machines and refrigerators. Hence the supply chain management and logistics management of the two products distribution becomes very different. The great Indian mobile revolution is all set to move to the rural part of the country, with handset manufacturers gearing up to come out with market-specific products to acquire maximum share. The next big opportunity for telcos will be in the hinterland where two-thirds of the countrys 1.17 bn population lives.There are many factors driving handset manufacturers and operators to the rural market. Th ough India is emerging as one of the biggest telecom markets, metros and tier-2 cities are already reaching saturation point. Hence, companies have no option but to explore newer markets to sustain the growth. As of now, India is adding around 9 mn subscribers a month, and in June 20010 the country added 11 mn subscribers. E.g. if we look into Samsung Indias distribution chain, we find that every Samsung product other than the mobile phone (and IT products, which again has a different distribution chain) are distributed by the same wholesaler. For mobile phones, there is a totally different Distribution. This is a result of the above two major factors (pace of sales and physical size of product). Example: Distribution of mobile phones by Samsung The Distribution of Samsung mobile phones is divided by zones primarily. This strategy is more or less similar for all major mobile phone manufacturing companies. The northern region, comprising Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan, have four distribution partners for Samsung Mobile. Now for better reach and response to consumer demands and to cater to them efficiently Samsung are looking to add five more distribution partners to the Northern Region. Samsung has recently strengthened its distribution network in the country by appointing SSK and Link as its distributors for mobile sales in the Western and Eastern part of the country, respectively. The company already has Telemart and United Telelinks as its distributor in the Northern and Southern parts of the country. There are usually two distributors between the company (Samsung Mobile) and the retailer. E.g. there is a chief distributor for the products for the western zone. Under that distributor, there are other wholesalers for the mobile handsets which are usually for particular cities in case of cities with considerable size and market. E.g. Ahmedabad has two distributors which supply to the retail firms in the city. While some of the smaller cities/towns have a distributor in common. Also, some of the premium retail firms might buy directly from the chief distributor (only if the quantities justify it). Example strategy: Franchisee retailers Also, Franchising Strategy for some companies has also helped in driving sales and profitability. E.g. Nokia Priority franchisee showrooms. Nokia has setup priority dealers to boost growth in organized trade. The following have been the benefits for Nokia as a result of the success in franchisee retailing: Positive brand experience across segments in a controlled environment Channel drives retention for Nokia Win the war before the battle Positive retail experience drives higher avg. selling prices Harnessing entrepreneurship spirit of franchisees Retail space investment by franchisee Nokia drives location selection, branding merchandizing support, media support Tackles fakes effectively The Value contribution to Nokia by Nokia Priority dealers in 2007 was around 10% of the total revenue generated by Nokia in India. It is expected to be around 20% by 2010. A TYPICAL DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL FOR MOBILE HANDSET VENDORS Consumer Manufacturer Mobile Devices National Distributor RDS Retailer/ Key Account When we contacted retail outlets like Hotspot, The mobile store, which comes right before the end user in the distribution system, they gave us similar details regarding the channel members which are above them for various hand set providers. This information was further substantiated by visiting the redistribution stockists of companies like nokia, samsung, LG, spice etc. However, although the above structure is pretty common in industry, the Indian players like Spice, Micromax etc have gone away with the concept of national distributor. We will discuss the implications of this decision by taking Spice Mobile as our information source. INDUSTRY LEADER: NOKIA DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL Nokia India(ND) HCL India(ND) Bright point India(ND) GSM Handsets South and west India GSM Handsets North and East India Margin 3.5% CDMA Handsets National Distributor Margin 3.5% Redistribution Stockist Pan India 150 Nos Margin 2.2% South and West India 90-100 Nos(Urban+rural) Margin 2.2% Redistribution Stockist Redistribution Stockist North and East India 90-100 Nos(Urban+rural) Margin 2.2% Micro Distributor(Rural) 500 Nos Margin 3% Retail Outlets (includes Telecom Outlets, Electronics Stores, Nokia Priority Dealers, Key Accounts, Modern Trade, Operator Stores) 100,000 nos. (Nokia has a numeric reach of 99% and a weighted reach of 99% Margin 3-5% TRANSPORT OF GOODS: STRUCTURE NOKIA This is the flow of goods from the production/assembly units in china and Malaysia to the end user. For Nokia, central warehouses are located in Mumbai, Chennai and Delhi, which then transfer handsets to regional warehouses, typically 1 in each state. From these regional warehouses, handsets are then transferred to the redistribution stockist wherein the actual sales to retailers happen mostly on ready stock basis. SALES TEAM STRUCTURE: NOKIA For Nokia, the last level in its sales force is Area sales manager. Earlier, they used to have sales officers and sales managers under nokias direct control and pay scale but now these two profiles have been shifted or in some cases omitted to/by distributor. Sales executives, ISDs all are on the pay scale of distributors. SPICE MOBILE: DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL STRUCTURE After sales Support Centralized Repair Center Modern Trade State/Regional Distributors Located in Delhi Company operated request center Directly by Spice Mobile Dedicated sales team at regional level Margin 6-7% Pan India 56 Nos (state wise) Margin 2.2% Micro Distributor (RDS) 500 Nos (Tier2, Tier3 cities) Margin 6% Authorized regional repair center (ARC) Central distribution and collection center for parts and faulty handsets 32 (in each state) Authorized service center (ASC) Multi brand service centres Total 76 in number across India Retail Outlets (includes Telecom Outlets, Electronics Stores, Hotspot Dealers, Key Accounts, Modern Trade, Operator Stores) 50,000 nos. Margin 3% atleast rest depends on consumers bargaining As opposed to other competitors, the differentiating factor about spice distribution chain is the removal of one layer in the distribution chain, namely the national distributor level. They distribute their products directly to regional distributors, who in turn distributes to the micro distributors and then, to retailers. Micro distributors provide the extensive reach to them as they have strong presence in the rural areas/villages where they operate. The key advantage of operating such a structure according to our discussion with Spice sales team is the margins that the national distributor makes, which can be passed down the chain to the regional distributors and retailers. This results in higher profitability for channel partners ie. regional distributors, micro distributors, retailers, which in turn results in them being more aggressive in promoting the Companys products to its customers. The entire warehousing and distribution management has been outsourced with effect from 31st October, 2005 for the period of 5 year to AFL Logistics, a division of AFL Pvt. Ltd. (AFL), one of the logistics management companies in India, which is responsible inter alia for shipment of goods to regional distributors through its controlling warehouse based in Delhi. KEY PARTICIPANTS IN DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL: ROLES AND RESOURCES Now lets discuss in details the various function of channel members Company: Spice mobile manufactures the goods in Himachal plant or assembles them once procured from China and send the same to the distributors. The logistic partner (AFL) assist the company in the same. The company does the negotiations and promotion activities on its own. The credit and payment policies are also handled and negotiated between the company and distributors. Also company directs certain promotions to retailers. Regional Distributors: Ownership is transferred once invoice is generated by spice to state/regional distributors. They transfer the products from company to distributors. They basically take order form the distributors and provide them with the products. They bear risk and negotiations are also handled by them. These parties absolve company from appointing more personnel and funds for the activity of mere transportation and inventory holding from warehouse to the distributor. Micro Distributors: They are the primary buyer of company. The sharing of information, risking and payment are carried out between regional distributors and distributors and then between regional and company. Distributors provide market coverage to the company also create orders. In Spice mobile, promotion activity is carried out by distributors. Retailers: They usually undertake all the functions and transfer the physical possession and ownership to customers. They usually only perform promotion along with company, for rest of the function they interact with distributors. They act as the final source of information and payment to the company. Members Regional distributors/Stockist Stockist / Micro Distributor Retailer Role Involved in the business of re-distribution to authorized micro distributors Responsible for warehousing, transport of goods to next tier and payment collection May be non-exclusive, but have separate set-up for each business Involved in the business of re-distribution to wholesalers and retailers May be exclusive to the business Includes all classes of retail outlets Involved in counter sales and not in the business of redistribution Not required to be exclusive to the business Resources High financial strength with ability to hold stocks Infrastructure Office, IT capability, godown space High financial strength with ability to hold stocks and provide credit in the market Infrastructure IT Limited spend on localized sales promotion Appropriate store location and size SALES TEAM STRUCTURE: SPICE ISSUES IDENTIFIED IN SPICE SALES AND DISTRIBUTION Multiple Micro distributors in a given territory Having multiple distributors in a territory can spell problems for the company because when two or more distributors supply to the same retailer it can cause disputes. Also the distributors do not pledge loyalty to the company. This problem is faced in dense markets like NCR where distributors are very closely located. Like in Gurgaon sector 14 market, spice distributor itself is doing retailing as well although there are other retail stores in the market whom he himself sell! There is a clear limited control over distribution; i.e. spice people cannot take action against any non performer or in some cases high performer doing some leakage in the system. The company does not have any MIS at the distributor level The company does not have any MIS at the distributor level where it can measure the sales done by the distributor. The distributors have their own software in which they fill in their sales of a period and send it to the company. Thus secondary sales are not captured frequently and spice is dependent on distributor for this data. It seems spice is not at all interested in tracking the final sales. There is no clear cut liability of goods damaged in transportation As told by the distributors, there is no clear cut rule for the liability of the goods damaged in transportation. Sometimes it is borne by the company and sometimes by the distributor. But if the value of the damaged goods is significantly high, it can result in a conflict between the company and the distributor. No exclusive retail stores to capture urban markets Spice has a very strong presence in tier 2 and tier 3 towns. But, in metros and tier 1 cities they fall way behind Nokia, Samsung etc. One reason is that spice on mobile store, Hotspot doesnt work on exclusive spice model but carry a full range of competitor products. Thus to capture the interest of urban consumer, apart from new higher end models, spice also need a strong independent stores more in the lines of Nokia priority dealers as part of its distribution network. No dedicated sales force to monitor distributor As per our discussion with Spice distributor and Spice sales team, sales person or ISDs are on a pay scale of State distributor. Although their targets and region is set by distributor, sometimes with the help of Area sales manager, since ASM does not have any ownership of sales force, all push efforts and execution of sales plans cannot be tracked to a definite level.

Different Cultures Learning Styles Essay

The word culture has been derived from the Latin word â€Å"cultura† which means to cultivate (Online Etymology Dictionary, 2009). Generally it refers to the manners, norms, values, knowledge, attitudes, art, habits and behavioral practices that are preferred and chosen as ideal by majority of the people of the society. With the encroachment and progress in the hi-tech world of today, different cultures across the globe have rapidly undergone the process of acculturation. Thus, learning of diverse cultures around the globe is not a big issue. There are various styles by which one can easily get versed with the multitude of cultures. Some of the styles are as follows. Worldly classroom set up If we have a look at different traditional classrooms of different countries, as well as different classrooms in various cities within one country; we will witness that a number of similarities and differences exist. There are some common factors like discipline, teaching atmosphere, syllabus, curriculum, learning, traditional teaching tools and classroom sitting style; that are common to all classrooms in any part of the world. The difference comes in the degree of effectiveness in teaching, learning, resource input, extra facilities like heating and cooling system, comfortable sitting arrangements and provision of latest technology etc. These factors definitely contribute to creating differences in the scale of learning among the students. Traditional Classrooms around the world Another very popular and effective style of learning culture is the traditional classrooms around the world. Traditional classroom tends to favor cultural learning to its fullest. It is one of the best places where students can interact for a long duration and learn different regional cultural aspects with the passage of time. Interaction of young students with their fellow age group students and teacher with the students definitely promotes broadening of cultural patterns. These written and unwritten rules, which we call culture, consciously or unconsciously, affect people around us. Students at an early young age being quick observers and imitators are swift in picking, absorbing and following various cultural traits and values. Thus, classroom either at primary, secondary or higher level plays a vital role in learning one’s own as well as other cultures prevailing around us. Today’s American culture verses others If we look into different cultures prevailing across the globe, we see impressions of American culture on rest of the world; reason being advanced technological development. America has played a vital role in diffusing its cultural traits to other cultures. Whether it is progressivism, technology, living patterns, habits, music, entertainment and even mind sets of the people; American influence is clearly visible. Nevertheless, many of the traditional and deeply embedded cultures like Islamic, Chinese, Japanese, Indian and Greek cultures still are maintaining their identity, and have truly preserved their norms and values to a great extent. CUSTOMS AND COURTEOUS Taboo of learning in world cultures Every culture in every society observes certain taboos and manners. There are certain issues and topics that are considered forbidden in some cultures like restrictions on sexual activities and relationships, restriction on various diets, incest taboos, exposure of body parts, social-economic class, medical disorders and diseases, alcoholism, depression and divorce. Taboos vary from culture to culture; a taboo in one culture might not be a taboo in another. These taboos are learnt via culture and transmitted to generations. Adapting in different societies Adaptation level of culture and manners varies from society to society. There are various factors like education, technological advancements, public awareness, and values among the old generation that play their role in the adaptation of the culture. Researches have shown that technological advance societies have greater tendency to accept change and modifications as compared to the traditional backward societies (Whitehead, 2005). Learning styles in different communities Learning styles also vary from society to society. For example some societies are seen under great influence of electronic media like TV, radio, and internet. Where as some get inspiration from print material, poetry, literature, newspapers, and classrooms. In illiterate societies people have their leaders, teachers, religious scholars, parents and grandparents as a source of learning. TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASS ROOM The progress of classroom learning Importance of the traditional classroom learning can never be ignored in any society, thus with the advancement in technology, teaching as well as learning has now become a trouble-free chore. Gone are the days when teachers just used to use simple black board for communication. Progress in the classroom learning can easily witnessed with the use of tools like multimedia, overhead projector, computer, audio and video tapes etc (Integrated Publishing). Many Audio Visual aids are available to teachers so they can perform their job quite comfortably. Making use of virtual class rooms has facilitated the teachers in loads. It saves a lot resources and time when the instructor and learner communicate from their locations. It further promotes distant learning, and makes the learning process enjoyable and reasonably priced (Integrated Publishing). Degrees pertaining to technology A lot of degrees that are related to technology are being offered these days. Computer science, instructional technology degree, technology in distance education, diplomas in virtual education, teleconferencing courses etc are definitely rewarding degrees in today’s modern day. Well advanced students with technologies today The amalgamation of Internet with the latest technological aids has played a vital role in enhancing the learning process among the students. Utilization of technology has no doubt drastically brought several changes in the learning of the individuals. Teleconferencing, virtual universities, online degrees and distance learning have very well equipped the students with latest tools and techniques (Conner, 2006). Moreover it provided the students with an opportunity to interact with a number of qualified teachers and students from within their homes. Several chat rooms, discussion forums are available in order to facilitate the students in broadening their views and thinking. We can safely say that well advanced students are equipped with latest technology today (Conner, 2006). POST SECONDARY LEARNING AROUND THE GLOBE Education in America Generally it is believed that education in America provides chances and corridors to achievement. Post secondary educational learning in American society carries great value and importance, as it contributes to the social, economic, cultural, political, mental and visual development of the nation. It therefore focuses on the expansion of critical thinking, promotion of exploration and research, problem solving, developing insight, adopting skills and proficiency among the youth. So that nation could be gifted with highly professional, mobile, innovative and productive individuals at higher levels. Education in Japan If we look into the post secondary educational learning in Japan, we observe that the aims and objectives prevailing are not much different from those prevailing in America. Both being highly advanced and developed countries, more or less focus on similar learning methods. Impacts of European methods of learning are also visible. However, along with similarities, Japanese educational learning system does have some uniqueness as well, like the Special course schools are similar to non-university education in US. Education in Australia An influx of migrants from more than 100 countries, Australia is basically a British-European society. In earlier times post secondary education meant university education. Main aim behind the post secondary education is the development of mental power (intellect), university should be the center of professional training of students. Along with this, in order to cope with the latest trends it is indispensable to inculcate in students such abilities that will help them to become experts in a specific field of study, put out their best and add to the relevant work in their field. It too has influences of British and American educational learning on it. Conclusion In today’s society, there are a multitude of different cultures. In this paper you will learn about the different types of learning styles around the world. You will also be able to understand the different how technology has greatly improved learning and how different regions of the world have different technologies used for learning. References Conner, M. L. (2006). Introduction to a e-Learning Culture. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from Ageless Learner: http://agelesslearner. com/intros/elc. html Integrated Publishing. (n. d. ). THE SELECTION AND USE OF AUDIOVISUAL (AV) AIDS. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from Integrated Publishing: http://www. tpub. com/content/religion/14229/css/14229_324. htm National Governor’s Association. (2007). Innovation America. A compact for Postsecondary Education . National Governor’s Association. Online Etymology Dictionary. (2009). Retrieved July 22, 2009, from Online Etymology Dictionary: http://www. etymonline. com/index. php? search=culture&searchmode=none Whitehead, B. (2005, Oct 24). Educational technology allows for flexibility in learning and teaching. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from web-conferencing-zone. com: http://www. web-conferencing-zone. com/4030-educational-technology. htm

Locked in the Cabinet

Written by the 22nd Labor Secretary of the United States Robert Reich, Locked in the Cabinet appears to be written with noble goals and intentions. That is, â€Å"to bridge the widening gap between the rich and the poor.† Robert Reich is a friend of former United States President Bill Clinton for 25 years and ended having extremely opposing views. He turned out to be a disillusioned member of Clinton’s cabinet. He pointed out the failure of Clinton’s administration to fulfill its intended aims and roles for the benefit of its constituents. The book was packaged like a journal with entries with their specific dates. The journal was dated on the four year span of the first term of Bill Clinton. The book displays a fragmentary-like form of a daily account with the specified time when the event occurred. In this book, he used a string of metaphors to present his points in a creative way, perhaps. In the book, Clinton was treated with hesitation. Reich did not deliberately stated â€Å"President Bill Clinton† in the book. He would refer to a certain â€Å"Bill† who, he said, his longtime friend. He was, perhaps, also considering their friendship while criticizing the leadership of his very own close friend. It is commendable that Reich aims for bridging the gap between the rich and poor. He stressed his being a liberal who has always been ready to fight for the rights of their constituents. For him, being liberal is giving an individual his rights. He stressed the importance of giving such because it is the main role and function of the government, anyway. As a liberal labor secretary, he advocated the rights of every worker especially their right for a wage increase. He even tried to convince company owners and manufacturers not  to use their powers against the striking workers. These workers are just airing their rights and sentiments, in the first place. Pertaining to the legitimate role and functions of the government in a private enterprise economy, he stressed out the role of the government on giving the outright benefits that a worker should have. He pushed for wage increase among the workers in the United States. He stressed the importance of some sort of â€Å"government intervention† in pushing for the rights of the workers. Even if Clinton is his longtime and close friend, it did not stop him in voicing out his criticisms towards Clinton’s unsatisfactory leadership through his book. He said that Clinton’s administration did not know what should be prioritized and seemed to forget what the purpose of his coming to Washington. He related that Clinton had the leadership but did not have the enough courage to take effect what is best for the people. But then, his disappointment over Clinton’s policies and administration has always been overshadowed by his affection towards his longtime friend. He views contemporary American policies as a â€Å"disaster† which does not actually respond to the actual needs of their constituents. He bluntly criticized everything he thinks not in the right place. I totally agree with his concept of liberalism. He cares for the â€Å"liberation† of every individual’s rights. He put forth the importance of giving everyone of what is due to him. As a statesman, it just right for him to have the heart for the oppressed and not for the oppressor. He has showed concern for the advantage of the people. It is just that he was â€Å"locked in the cabinet.† He implied that limitations of being a member of a cabinet. It might appear that cabinet members have all the power to take effect pro-people policies and actions, but then, they are subjected to the bureaucracy’s approval. He used many underlying themes in his book. This somewhat gave a twist on the sharp opinions that he wants to present. He admitted that he is indeed a frustrated secretary who wished that everyone would hear his and the society’s plight. Reich’s book is really informative. It is amazing how he is able to present such controversial revelations given that Clinton is his very close friend. He presented his point bravely leaving no missed point behind. I guess he just showed an objective setting of the situation of Clinton’s administration and the United States government system in general, particularly to the labor sector. With no doubt, he showed, through his book, his deep concern for people. On the other hand, the book, behind its impressing underlying themes, also received criticisms, perhaps from those who were behind the administration of Clinton. They claimed that Reich’s work was just like a fictional work and even claimed that it is a mere propaganda. They added that Reich’s claim were not realistic at all. Well, I guess, they just have to see the bigger picture. I believe that Reich has noble goals and aims as he presented his points in the book. Undeniably, Reich’s book deserves a commendation. He did his work well as the labor secretary fighting for the workers’ rights. People in the government should get a copy of his book immediately. Reference: Reich, R. (1997). Locked in the Cabinet (1st ed.). Norwalk, CT: Easton Press.                     

Critical Essay of a Newspaper Article Essay Example

Critical Essay of a Newspaper Article Essay Example Critical Essay of a Newspaper Article Essay Critical Essay of a Newspaper Article Essay In the article „We did it! † published on 2nd January 2010 in The Economist, the author presents women’s current situation on the labor market and the changes it has experienced over the past years. He states that female empowerment is â€Å"the biggest social change of our times†. However, he points out that there is still no equality between men and women. The latter still obtain lower wages for the same work, there still exists the problem of the glass ceiling and the question of having children still remains problematic for many employers. Even though some countries have introduced certain improvements to make the life of working mothers easier, these solutions are yet very imperfect and far too few. The author concludes that currently women keep advancing, as they have before. For the title, the author chooses a phrase that may be confusing at first – â€Å"We did it! † – but its meaning becomes clear when we see the picture that illustrates the text. It’s the image of Rosie the Riveter, who during the Second World War was representing women who worked in factories. Apart from the well-aimed title and illustration, the author selects data that supports well the thesis of the article and presents it in a clear, well-organized way. The conclusion, however, is slightly imprecise; the last sentence of the article is just a description of the current situation and does not seem to conclude the text in a logical way. The style used is not very complicated, yet precise and accurate. The language is adequate to the profile of the newspaper the text appeared in, it is The Economist, which is addressed to the general reader. On the whole, the text is aptly written and coherent.

23 Uplifting Things to Do on Thanksgiving Day You Must Try This Year

23 Uplifting Things to Do on Thanksgiving Day You Must Try This Year Thanksgiving is one of the most bright and cheerful holidays of the year, a day to spend with your family and friends and get together for a tasty meal and peaceful evening. Here are some things to do on the Thanksgiving day to make it memorable and fun. Celebrating With Your Family For many families, Thanksgiving weekend is a chance to enjoy rare meetings and festive mood. 1. Cook a dinner. Cooking a dinner with your family is a touchy and precious moment for you and your family to remember. Its also a great way to show your gratitude and lend a helping hand to the hostess. 2. Watch Thanksgiving Day Parade. Parades are held in many cities and watching them on TV or in real life makes this day really special and festive. 3. Play sports. There are multiple health benefits of spending time with your relatives outdoors. Sports activities are useful in particular considering a full course dinner ahead. Tennis, basketball or frisbee are great activities for big families. 4. Watch an old movie. Thanksgiving is a great opportunity to sit altogether by the TV. Your family may choose a movie to watch annually and make it a good family tradition. 5. Look through family photos. Make this holiday a little bit nostalgic: your elder family members will enjoy that. Some of your family members could even start asking you awkward questions about your life in college. 6. Decorate the table. Dont forget about fancy napkins and candles! Beautiful decorations will set up the mood for tasty dinner. 7. Take a trip to the countryside. Living in a big city might be stressful so spending a weekend in the countryside is a relaxing and healing way to celebrate. 8. Make a wish by breaking wishbone. While carving a turkey take out a wishbone and let it dry. After the dinner, two family members pull at it and the winner makes a wish. 9. Participate in Turkey trot race. Burn up some calories before the big dinner and also raise some money for low-income families. Celebrating With Your Friends Friendsgiving Being away from home doesnt mean that Thanksgiving is canceled. Make it into Friendsgiving which tends to gain popularity through last years. Even with poor cooking skills, you can still throw an amazing party and even set up a new tradition among your friends. 1. Play video and board games. Entertainment is an important part of the holiday. So dont forget to prepare the list of games you and your friends will enjoy. Apples to Apples, Jenga, Clue are not taking too much time to play as Monopoly so are a better choice for a fun evening. 2. Watch annual football game. If you and your friends enjoy sports, its a good idea to watch a sports channel together and cheer for your favorite team. 3. Watch the best episodes of favorite sitcoms. Share the episodes you enjoy the most with your friends. Holiday-themed episodes will fit the most. 4. Set up a picnic. If the weather is fine and you dont want to stay inside, go ahead and pack for a picnic in the nearest park or wood. Fresh air and the beauty of fall weather are great for active games and sincere conversations. 5. Ride bikes in a park. Fast and active ride in a park can easily burn off calories you’ve consumed this holiday weekend and also set up a good mood for the rest of the day. 6. Pajamas party. Its more untraditional way to celebrate Thanksgiving but definitely a fun one. Cozy pajamas, chilling music and tasty snacks among holiday lights will create a relaxed holiday mood. Sounds nice, doesnt it? However, there are even more party ideas for students to celebrate Thanksgiving Day. 7. Play football. Team active sports are great before big festive meals. Football is a traditional game for this holiday and it is fun to watch for those, who choose not to participate. Celebrating on Your Own Dont be depressed if you are celebrating this day without guests. Make it a real holiday for yourself and do what makes you happy. 1. Take a good nap. Thanksgiving weekend is a wonderful time to shake off stress from studying and working the whole year. So take a time to relax and get a good rest. 2. Take popcorn and watch a favorite movie. Is it Scream or Batman? Grab a big bowl of popcorn and turn on your favorite movie or sitcom. 3. Take a long walk or ride. Sometimes you really need to fresh up your thoughts and walking in the fresh air is a way to do it. And its a great cardio exercise. 4. Prepare for Black Friday. If you are about to go shopping on a Black Friday, make a list of things to buy and shops to visit the next day. This will help you to concentrate on things you really need and not to be distracted on sales. 5. Volunteer. Your local churches or homeless shelters may need some help, especially at this time of the year. You can help with cooking and serving a meal or donate redundant clothes to charity. By the way, did you know how many benefits you get from volunteering? 6. Make a thankful list. This is more than just a good tradition but the way to concentrate on aspects of the past and stay positive for the future. So go ahead and make a list of things that have brought you happiness this year and what you are thankful for. 7. Watch Thanksgiving documentary. There are plenty of amazing historical movies about pilgrims and origin of Thanksgiving Day which you will find interesting. Enjoy your Thanksgiving and don’t forget to give your thanks!

Privacy as a Basic Individual Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Privacy as a Basic Individual Right - Essay Example However, privacy runs through out the constitution in the 27 amendments. Regardless of the purpose of the act or legislation, it has an effect on the privacy of an individual. (Yero, 2006). Most scholars of the law interpret the ninth amendment to mean that certain rights of the individual though not exclusively described in the bill of rights need to be protected. The privacy right, therefore, extends to anonymity, security and bodily integrity. Dignity and respect are the fundamental principles that define the need for privacy. To argue my point, I will look at a controversial aspect of human beings that is life and death. The controversy of life and death in regard to invasion or restriction to privacy can be seen in the following situations; prisoners on death row, euthanasia, abortion and termination of medical treatment. Euthanasia: this is the intentional inducement of death at the request of the victim (person dying). Persons seek euthanasia because they need to be relieved f rom dire pain or want a dignified exit from the world if they are for instance in a gross, non reversible state. In past cases, the courts gave rulings in support of rule utilitarian utterly disregarding act utilitarian. However, the interference of human rights activities in the situation has led to considerations on the matter (McDougall, 2008). Case study: Britain, 1992, Dr Cox faced prosecution for allegedly performing Euthanasia. The patient, Mrs. Boyes, aside from being terminally ill was in excruciating pain. To end her suffering, she requested her doctor to end her life. During court proceedings, the argument on whether or not the patient had the right to request death and the doctor’s jurisdiction on the matter took centre stage. The prosecution argued that the patient was in pain, making delusional and, therefore, prone to make life threatening decisions. In response to this claim, the family said the patient was sane hence her decision to choose death instead of li ving in pain. From the above case, the question of personal liberties springs up. Do individuals have the personal liberty to take their own life at will? Are there exceptional circumstances where the law allows an individual to die? The patient wanted to die with dignity, she also expected her doctor to respect her decision to die and finally, to maintain her bodily integrity. Closer home; there is the Quinlan vs. Missouri State case. In 1975, Ann Quinlan went into a coma that reduced her to a vegetative state. Her parents legally took up the role of making decisions for her. Ann’s parents were Catholics (privacy of beliefs, 1st Amendment) (Yero, 2006) in which case they believed in the sanctity of life but not in living by support of artificial means. In view of this, they decided that Ann should not be on life support machines. The state challenged the parents stand, but the courts ruled in favor of Ann’s parents, therefore, respecting their religious stand. Contrad ictions: Jurisdictions impinge upon an individual’s right to privacy on the matter of life and death. The American law describes mercy killings as criminal homicide despite personal liberties. So where is the contradiction? The state of Oregon for instance passed the assisted suicide and Death with Dignity Act making euthanasia a personal liberty. In Texas, the Advance Directives Act Section 166.046 affords medical and health care facilities the right to terminate life-sustaining treatment in cases where continued treatment is futile. Therefore, in

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 63

Reflection - Essay Example in it, this section aims at exploring the issues that I found confronting and/or surprising, the extent to which I was persuaded and why, and the new things I learned from Session 21 that I have not thought about before. One of the things that I found quite challenging is the extent to which many stakeholders are ignored by their own systems of administration as they allow corporations to take over natural resources, which, as I understand now, cannot have a price tag on them. This is based on the fact that we ignore the damage that we inflict upon them today, but hardly do we even examine the damage that we do to the future of these resources and coming human generations. The ignorance demonstrated by both governments, which have been put in the corporations, and the corporations, which look to make nothing but profits, is quite confronting. For instance, dumping animal remains in rivers and never minding to clean them up and evicting families from fertile land, where they survive, just to make a dam for water meant for sale is quite disheartening (Merin Para 4, 5). What surprised me, however, is how we all think that we are not affected because we are so far away from Bolivia, Lesotho, China, and many other affected areas, little do we know of the globally extensive impacts that continue to haunt us today. The perceptions developed in the movie are extremely captivating and greatly convincing for anyone that cares about other people, as opposed to those who are only driven by self-interest, and anyone who cares about natural resources, especially water. Even those who are driven by self-interest should now, after reflecting on this session of even watching the film, be persuaded. One of the reasons I did not take much efforts to persuade me is the fact that I am personally affected by the continued privatization of water resources, which should never have a price on them. I have considered with the amount of money I spend on water every day and decided that the

Operations management (see assignment requirements) Essay

Operations management (see assignment requirements) - Essay Example 2. The Range of Technologies in the Modern Retail Industry An efficient supply chain involves better inventory management and reducing the time from the procurement to the final delivery. For these purposes both supply chain strategies and supply chain technologies are integrated into supply chain management to result in an efficient network of logistics. These technologies include transportation, management and communication technologies which work hand in hand to lead to an evolution of the supply chain. Information technology and decision support system are some of the common technologies being used in today's supply chain management. IT is implemented in the supply chain for strategic planning, virtual enterprise and knowledge management. Another reason why IT is frequently used is the E-Commerce factor of businesses these days(Ngai, 2004).These technologies ensure that a sophisticated analysis of the abundant available data is made possible and the results are used to obtain a c ompetitive edge in the market(Simchi-Levi, 2003). Business redesigning and the implementation of technology in business are often considered to be complimentary with each other. Therefore the integration of technology is bound to change the face of retailing operations. IT is a design tool used for knowledge and business management to produce tangible results such as time reduction, cost reduction and an improvement in the output quality. (Michael Lewis, p. 103) These innovations in Information Technology include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Electronic data Interchange (EDI), Pints of sales (POS) and other Data Mining (DM) technologies. These have radically changed the way retailers do their business and brought about efficiency by reducing labour costs, improving inventory accuracy, reducing lead time and increasing the rate of order fill. Points of sales (POS) POS has been in use since the 1980's and it facilitates the sale of products by entry and access of products in stores. POS allows for automatic and dynamic updates of inventory and sales data when sales occur. Thus this system is frequently used for store transactions, refunds, cash authorizations, exchanging issues and inventory tracking. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) RFID is a generic name for technologies which use radio waves to identify and track objects. It identifies the items by reading a tag and a considerable amount of information is transmitted by just reading of the tag by the reader. This technology can capture product information which can be up to 40 times more than the typical barcode technology. RFID works as an information facilitator which can directly help in developing and aiding decision making in the supply chain. The main features of RFID are real and automatic data capture, enhanced information quality and support for business transactions. Data Mining (DM) Data mining is a process of extracting knowledge from a large database to build predictive models for b usiness decision making. It is used to make strategic and tactical decisions such as sales forecasting, customer acquisition and retention. From the supply chain point of view, they can also be used to make operational decisions like supplier

How useful are sources A to C Essay Example for Free

How useful are sources A to C Essay In this essay I will assess the usefulness of sources A to C in determining the reasoning for American involvement in the Vietnamese war. Source A is reasonably useful in shoeing how the U. S government wanted the general public to view them and their reasoning for the countrys actions in Vietnam. Although source A does not state to whom the speaker (President Linden Johnson) is addressing this information. However, the mere fact that it is Johnson speaking, influences the reader to assume that it an audience of the general public that he is talking to. The time upon which he gave this speech is also very significant, as it was April 1965, one month after major bombing operation Rolling Thunder. This made the speech more significant as president Johnson was attempting to explain and justify the reasoning behind the major attacks that were taking place. In the first sentence of source A Johnson states, We fight in Vietnam because we have a promise to keep. He is about two different promises, the first being the Truman doctrine which states that America will give aid to any counties suffering from the threat of communism. This was set up to contain communism and prevent the domino theory, which was the theory that if one country were fall under the power of communism each neighbouring country would follow. Johnson again refers to the domino theory when he says The battle would be renewed one country and then another. The second promise that Johnson was referring to in his speech was an unwritten promise that he had to personally keep. And that was maintaining some of the traditional policies of previous American presidents, specifically over the war in Vietnam and the containment of communism. Also at the end of source A, Johnson quotes from the bible saying, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further This was probably used because many American citizens were very religious at this period in time; therefore people to relate to it. Also the quote links the actions of America with Christianity, which would influence people into thinking what was taking place was right and true. Source B is also reasonably useful as it shows Johnsons real opinion on Americas involvement in Vietnam. From the first line the opinions are noticeably different from that which he expressed in source A. This is probably because source B is taken from a private conversation. The first line of source b brings his true feelings into the light as he says I dont think the of the country know much about Vietnam, and I think we care a hell of a lot less. This and other statements such as I dont think its worth fighting for. And I dont think we can get out, show that in may 1964 president Johnson was clearly against the war. Yet by the time of source A (approximately one year later) Johnson had ordered a mass surgical bombing of North Vietnam, named Operation Rolling Thunder. Therefore by this point Johnson had either drastically altered his views on the war or had succumbed to the pressure of knowing how horrifically tainted the images of himself and his party would become if he ordered a mass withdrawal from Vietnam. It is safe to assume that the latter is correct, as Johnson talks about this pressure in source B saying Theyd bring a president down if he ran out wouldnt they? This refers back to the reaction of the public and other politicians, which most likely be accusations of indecision towards his party (Democratic) on matters such as the involvement in Vietnam and the general Containment of communism. He would quite probably be labelled a traitor or a communist for backing out of the war and not sticking to the policies of the Truman Doctrine. Near the end of source B Johnson speaks of his fear of communism as he says Of course if you start running from the communists, they might chase you into your own kitchen. This is again referring to the Domino Theory that if one country falls to communism each in turn will follow. All of this shows the predicament that Johnson was in. That if he retreated he would be accused of backing communism, but if he chose to stay it would become Just the biggest God damn mess. Although the opinions change through sources A and B, source C is entirely different. It was written by Professor Noam Chomsky, a political critic and a leading anti-war figure during Americas involvement in Vietnam. The source was taken from an interview with Chomsky in 1982. Therefore he has the benefit of hindsight that aids him to analyse and criticise the attitudes and actions of the American government during the Vietnamese war. In source C Chomsky says Every book that comes out talks about how the United States was defending South Vietnam. And that this is now the Official truth. This is saying that although it is not a written law, but it is still widely considered that America was protecting South Vietnam from the Norths aggression. Chomsky disagrees with this saying The United States did attack South Vietnam. It destroyed the farming, the peasant society. This is commenting on the use of chemical weapons such as Agent Orange and Napalm, and tactical warfare such as Blanket and Surgical bombing. All these things contributed to the mass destruction of the South Vietnamese farms and forestation. This happened in Americas desperation to locate the rebel militia the Vietcong, and stop the use of guerrilla tactics against largely unaware U. S troops. However in attempting this the U. S forces damaged much of the Vietnamese agricultural lifestyle. And on occasion, American soldiers in frustration in their inability to locate the Vietcong would burn down whole villages at the nearest suspicion that they were helping the Vietcong. Later in source C Chomsky talks of how The U. S did not want and independent Vietnam He is saying that America did not want to allow Vietnam to decide their own future, and they did not want Vietnam to slip out of their strong Capitalist grip or orbit. To conclude, I believe that source A is the most useful in showing the reasons for U. S involvement. As it show all the pressures Johnson was under. The pressure to keep promises and the pressure to contain communism and prevent the domino theory, But most of all it shows the lie that he was forced to tell the public simply because it was what they wanted to hear.